London Underground – The World's First Underground Railway

The transport program now known because the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the globe's first subway railway. Over our next forty years, this early on sub-surface ranges attained out from the actual urban center on the London capital in to the adjoining rural margins, leading to the introduction of new commuter suburbs. The London Underground map will be additionally one of many Iconic English Designs which is replicated throughout the planet during every some other underground train station system.

At the conclusion in the 19th plus start of 20 th century, new technology�including energy locomotives and enhancements for you to the tunnelling prevent enabled new corporations for you to create a new a line "tube" ranges deeper underground. Initially rivals, your tube railway companies started out in order to co-operate in marketing and advertising plus through embraced branding, gradually consolidating under the actual sole ownership in the London Electric Railway using outlines stretching all around London.

Important Dates associated with The London Underground

1820s

In 1825,Using his patented tunnelling sheild, Marc Brunel begins engineering of the particular Thames Tunnel less than this River Thames somewhere between Wapping and Rotherhithe. Progress is actually slower and can become halted many occasions before the tube can be completed.

1840s

1843 The Thames Tunnel goes into business when your pedestrian tunnel. 1845 Charles Pearson, Solicitor to be able to the City involving London, begins marketing taking that approach with a strong underground railway to help bring traveling and goods expertise in to the centre from the City.

1850s

1854 Metropolitan Railway (MR) will be included as well as granted strenght to make a great underground railway through Paddington to help Farringdon. 1856 Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) goes into business some sort of line coming from Leyton to be able to Loughton.

1860s

1861 Construction belonging to the Metropolitan Railway close to Kings Cross Station.

1860 Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (A&BR) is definitely incorporated.
1862 Edgware, Highgate and also London Railway (EH&LR) is definitely incorporated to build a railway between Finsbury Park and also Edgware. 1863 MR starts advertising the very first underground railway while in the world. 1864 MR unwraps the actual Hammersmith & City Railway, it has the initial extensions that will Hammersmith and that will Kensington Olympia. Metropolitan District Railway (MDR) is incorporated. 1865 MR reaches up to Moorgate. East London Railway (ELR) secures this Thames Tunnel pertaining to alteration with a railway tunnel. ECR reaches Ongar. 1867 EH&LR starts up involving Finsbury Park and Edgware. 1868 MR starts this Metropolitan and St John's Wood Railway, a brief branch northward out of Baker Street that will Swiss Cottage,[8] the best section of the actual business' ultimate extensions towards Middlesex, Hertfordshire plus Buckinghamshire. MDR opens invo lving South Kensington along with Westminster. The MR extends to connect for the MDR at South Kensington and equally corporations work products covering the other's tracks. A&BR starts up between Aylesbury and Verney Junction. 1869 MDR expands from Gloucester Road to West Brompton. ELR starts somewhere between New Cross Gate along with Wapping. First by using Thames Tunnel with regard to trains. London along with South Western Railway (L&SWR) opens tier through West London Line to help Richmond.

1870s Tower Subway, with tubular building having segmental cast-iron rings

1870 Tower Subway opens, briefly, applying a cabled-hauled carriage before the conversion process for you to pedestrian use. Constructed using a circular tunnelling face shield designed simply by Peter W. Barlow in addition to James Henry Greathead and lined using segmental cast-iron rings, this specific short tunnel within the River Thames successfully confirmed brand new tunnelling approaches that would be familiar with make the vast majority of pursuing underground ranges with London. MDR extends through Westminster to Blackfriars. 1871 MDR runs from Blackfriars to Mansion House. Brill Tramway starts advertising involving the particular A&BR's section from Quainton Road plus Wood Siding. 1872 Brill Tramway gets to Brill. MDR expands from Earl's Court for you to Kensington Olympia. Great Northern Railway (GNR) runs E&HLR from East Finchley to help High Barnet. 1873 GNR offers EH&LR through Highgate to Alexandra Palace. 1874 MDR runs from Earl's Court in order to Hammersmith. City of London financiers establish Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway to do the Inner Circle by leading that MDR's terminus at Mansion House with the MR's structured terminus at Aldgate. 1875 MR extends to Liverpool Street. 1876 MR reaches Aldgate. ELR runs from Whitechapel in order to Shoreditch. 1877 MDR extends through Hammersmith to be able to hook up to that L&SWR at Ravenscourt Park. MDR in addition to MR commence expertise covering the L&SWR in order to Richmond. 1879 MR reaches up to Willesden Green. MR takes over Metropolitan Inner Circle Completion Railway. MDR expands from Turnham Green to be able to Ealing Broadway.

1880s

1880 MR gets to Harrow on this Hill. MDR expands from West Brompton to Putney Bridge. 1882 MR offers from Aldgate to help Tower regarding London. 1883 MDR commences something about Great Western Railway (GWR) by way of Slough to Windsor & Eton Central. MDR extends out of Acton Town in order to Hounslow Town. 1884 City regarding London and Southwark Subway established to build your railway from your City with London that will Elephant & Castle. MDR extends through Osterley & Spring Grove for you to Hounslow West. MR in addition to MDR link Mansion House using Tower associated with London, filling out the particular Inner Circle. MR and also MDR expand east to St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and also hook up for you to ELR having products running to New Cross and New Cross Gate. MDR reaches Whitechapel. 1885 MR gets to Pinner. MDR withdraws Ealing Broadway for you to Windsor & Eton Central service. 1886 MDR ends Hounslow Town spur. 1887 MR reaches up to Rickmans worth. 1889 MR extends to Chesham. MDR connects to L&SWR at East Putney in addition to begins services to help Wimbledon.

1890s 1890 City and also South London Railway electric engine plus carriages.

1890 City of London along with Southwark Subway improvements name to City and South London Railway (C&SLR) and opens involving Stockwell and King William Street, your globe's earliest deep-level underground and also power railway. Central London Railway (CLR) involved to make a television railway from Bank to help Shepherd's Bush. 1891 MR takes over A&BR concerning Aylesbury and Verney Junction. 1892 MR extends through Chalfont & Latimer to Aylesbury. Great Northern & City Railway (GN&CR) the usage of powers to construct a tube railway from Finsbury Park to be able to Moorgate. 1893 Charing Cross, Euston as well as Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR) the usage of powers to build a new esophagus railway coming from Strand to Hampstead. Baker Street and also Waterloo Railway (BS&WR) the usage of power to construct a tube railway through Waterloo that will Baker Street. 1897 Brompton along with Piccadilly Circus Railway little bit while . influence to make a conduit railway out of Piccadilly Circus to South Kensington. MDR acquires powers to build a conduit railway coming from Gloucester Road to Mansion to perform listed below it's sub-surface line. Anarchists bomb some sort of MR locomotive which often explodes at Barbican, injuring 60 as well as eliminating one. Whitaker Wright's London & Globe Finance Corporation secures BS&WR. 1898 City as well as Brixton Railway granted power to generate a conduit railway out of King William Street to help Brixton. Waterloo plus City Railway unwraps between Waterloo and Bank. 1899 Great Northern and Strand Railway of course influence to create a tube railway out of Wood Green to Strand. MR services start through the particular Brill Tramway.

1900s

"Underground"-branded Tube chart through 1908 showing this newly opened conduit outlines with central London

1900 C&SLR sales techniques King William Street and also runs north to Moorgate plus south to be able to Clapham Common. CLR starts advertising involving Bank and Shepherd's Bush. Consortium led by means of Charles Yerkes uses more than CCE&HR. London & Globe Finance Corporation and also BS&WR fall pursuing Whitaker Wright's deceptive concealment involving large losses. 1901 C&SLR reaches up to Angel. Yerkes range takes over MDR, Brompton and also Piccadilly Circus Railway along with Great Northern in addition to Strand Railway and merges the actual tube routes to form the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR). 1902 Yerkes consortium takes over BS&WR. Yerkes establishes the particular Underground Electric Railways Company involving London Limited (UERL) because the possessing business connected with the tube collections under his consortium's control. MDR extends out of Whitechapel for you to Bromley-by-Bow and also commences a service from there in the London, Tilbury in addition to Southend Railway that will Upminster. Edgware & Hampstead Railway contained to make a railway from Golders Green in order to Edgware. 1903 C&SLR takes over City and Brixton Railway and also permits it has the projects to help lapse. MDR provides from Ealing Common for you to South Harrow. MDR reopens Hounslow Town spur. Watford and also Edgware Railway designed to make a railway from Edgware for you to Watford. CCE&HR takes over Edgware & Hampstead Railway. Great Eastern Railway opens Fairlop Loop out of Ilford to help Woodford by using Hainult. 1904 GN&CR unwraps concerning Finsbury Park and also Moorgate. MR unwraps branch from Harrow-on-the-Hill in order to Uxbridge. Whitaker Wright commits suicide by means of taking cyanide soon after appearing guilty associated with fraud. 1905 UERL starts advertising Lots Road Power Station to offer electrical energy for your MDR as well as the UERL's future tube lines. MR and also MDR change steam locomotives using energy more than major routes. MDR withdraws assistance among East Ham and also Upminster. MDR starts up branch from Acton Town in order to South Acton. MDR withdraws service between St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) in addition to New Cross. Charles Yerkes dies and is particularly replaced as Chairman from the UERL by Edgar Speyer. 1906 Frank Pick, after Managing Director as well as Vice Chairman involving London Transport, will start perform during UERL. MR withdraws providers involving Hammersmith and Richmond. BS&WR opens between Elephant & Castle in addition to Baker Street. It becomes often known as the particular Bakerloo tube. GNP&BR goes into business involving Finsbury Park and Hammersmith. It gets to be known for the reason that Piccadilly tube. MR withdraws provider between St Mary's (Whitechapel Road) and New Cross, pending electrification involving this ELR. 1907 Albert Stanley, subsequently Cha irman of London Transport, commences operate from UERL. C&SLR reaches up to Euston. CCE&HR starts advertising in between Golders Green, Archway plus Charing Cross. It becomes called this Hampstead tube. Piccadilly television unwraps branch from Holborn to Aldwych. Bakerloo esophagus gets to Edgware Road. 1908 CLR reaches up to Wood Lane. MDR restarts service between East Ham as well as Barking. The underground railway companies commence to develop "Underground" type with regard to synovial marketing. First variation from the Underground roundel occurs directly into use�a sturdy reddish colored drive using a bar hauling train station names is dependant on a system used by your London General Omnibus Company. 1909 MDR closes Hounslow Town spur again.

1910s Tube roundels based on Edward Johnston's design