Professor Emman Osakwe

NAVIGATING THE NATION THROUGH TODAY�S SHAME TO TOMORROW�S FAME:

SOCIAL STUDIES AS PILOT

17TH IN THE SERIES OF INAUGURAL LECTURES OF THE DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA, NIGERIA.

Delivered by

Professor Emman Osakwe

B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), M.A. (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)

Professor of Social Studies in addition to Dean, Postgraduate School,

Delta State University, Abraka.

On Thursday, February 26, 2009

Copyright 2009 Delta State University, Abraka

All Rights Reserved

No portion of this publication can be reproduced, filed in any access system or by means of every means, Photocopying, electronic, mechanical, taking or otherwise with no prior authorization with the copyright owners.

ISBN 978 � 33872 � 7 � 4 Publish ed February, 2010 By

DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA,

DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

Printed By

Justice Jeco Press and Publishers Ltd.,

Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

PROLOGUE/PREFACE

This Processed Teacher can be Professor+� Famous+, Nigeria Will Become

(A Love Song to help My Husband along with the New Nigeria)

And he said: �marry me, May!�

�I carry out zero such thing: marry absolutely no �teacher� claimed May

Dreg of Professions: this instructor � disqualified

Yet, the majority of telling, meandering voice in the classroom!- qualified

This trainer right now processed, is professor, prophet and also priest.

Palm oil, that broom and sponge, banga soup � dealt with palm

Through fire, by means of water, your well-defined blade, agencies connected with rot away � processed

As kero, diesel, petrol, cream, jelly, the following balm � dealt with crude

Emman Osakwe, refined teacher, a voice over heard beyond

Beyond your rostrum into the nations.

Processed through pain, deprivation, denial, derided then,

Today�s lecturer sums the particular rostrum, behold he comes:

My husband, my principal, mon pre

Processed through fire, through waters, denied his due

This main teacher involving professors with teachers

Is a teacher, coaching professors associated with course instructors regarding teachers.

Promotion to peak said with regard to ten years!

My co-parent, persevering through your years!

Like diamond; refined from carbon, my personal patient prince in addition to calmness maker

This principal educator full of knowledge:

Intellectual along with div ine, carries a message:

Nigeria can be refinement by means of shame �

Shame associated with corruption, involving grave-like greed!

Shame with maladministration and misrule

Misrule, yielding tall poverty from giant opulence

Shame associated with monumental wastage involving resources

Shame of wickedness and non secular godlessness

Processing through shame to our preferred fame:

Our well known fatherland, certainly our motherland;

Land with my birth, area regarding my personal pain, stretch of land regarding my shame

Land of your birth, property of one's pain, terrain of your shame

Dependent extended periods once independence, weak such as the eaglet

For that weakened eaglet, prepared to fall, unable to fly,

Will turn into the fantastic skull cap around flight

Famous bird; not necessarily in order to fly but for you to rise �

Land regarding my personal birth, land of yo ur birth, land associated with our birth

Land connected with my fame, land involving your fame, land regarding our celebrity �

Nigeria is the best name!

Mabel Ejime Osakwe (2009)

Chair, English Language

Delta State University, Abraka

COURTESIES

The Vice-Chancellor,

The Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Admin.)

The Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic)

The Provosts, Asaba and also Oleh Campuses,

The Acting Registrar,

The Bursar,

The University Librarian,

The Provost, College involving Health Sciences,

Dean, Faculty regarding Education,

Deans associated with Other Faculties,

Professors and other people of Senate,

Heads with Department as well as other academic Colleagues,

Members of Administrative and also Technical Staff,

My Lords Spiritual plus Temporal,

Members involving my family, Nuclear and Extended,

My In-laws,

Distinguished Invited Guests,

Gentlemen from the Press,

Great DELSUITES,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Preamble

I feel very honoured and also priviledged being known as upon to provide that 17th Inaugural Lecture from the Delta State University, Abraka. I thank God intended for allowing individuals journey mercies to that meeting and also I imagine He will take us all household properly around Jesus Name � Amen.

Did a person purchase plus study today�s papers? How several imagination pestering as well as gory stories? What could be the most up-to-date with militancy and criminality within the Niger Delta? How painful! You may perhaps attempt to take a person's brain down individ uals depressive issues and give your current thought process when using the Obama huge fantasy come correct and thus will ours. Yes, welcome to the current forum! To that God presented opportunity for individuals to reflect and also talk about societal issues akin to those increased previous in this delightful tip. Sorry to inform you though this I have monopoly in the level within this talk this is why it's labeled some sort of lecture. But discharge your mind to travel along, since Social Studies pilots our navigation, by means of today�s pity for you to tomorrow�s fame.

INTRODUCTION

The first thing to offer focus to help is the design in addition to reason for Social Studies in addition to the best way this serves like a motor vehicle for answering to problems of some of our time. Succinctly put, Social Studies is going understanding to measure and take part with this world, in a unique occasion in addition to place; for that reason we have the particular formula:

SSE = PSpt

P = People

S = Society

P = place

t = time

This lecture as an indepth discourse on an part with my own academic expertise, along with this info to be able to cultural experiments for a area involving knowledge, will end up being guided because of the SSE method as reported as well as the character with Social Studies.

Here then, P means The Nigerian People; S signifies The Nigerian Society; p usually means The geographical entity known as Nigeria plus t implies Nigeria yesteryear today along with tomorrow. In this lecture, Nigeria last night implies pre-colonial Nigeria to the grow older prior to a 2nd Republic, even though Nigeria right now spans the actual period second Republic to help date.

We discover this market seriously isn't only interdisciplinary �gown� but also your heterogeneous �town�. Attempts is going to be built after that to operate within just this characterized pe rimeter.

Social Studies details on just about every facet of human existence: male him self for a merchandise connected with nature, along with cultural man like a product involving nurture; arising from your social, political, fiscal as well as bodily environment. Social scientific studies has therefore for for ages been labeled as a veritable software and also avenue for reshapening society. (Lawton in addition to Durfour 1973, Osakwe 1993) The extremely nature, subject matter and probability with social studies, can make it a virile device regarding creating a fresh societal � political order. This lecturer possesses professed majorly in this area of interpersonal scientific tests in addition to offers thirty publications connected for this discourse. Four regarding such are detailed here:

Osakwe, E.O. (1992) �Social studies along with the Military with Nigerian politics� Nigerian Journal of Social Studies Review Vol. 2, No 2, pp. 89-91

Osakwe, E.O. (1993a) Citizenship Education: The Hub of Social Studies Nigerian Journal connected with Social Studies Review. Vol. 2, No. 3, Pp. 23-38.

Osakwe, E.O. (1994a) Citizenship Education from a Multi-ethnic Society: Some Pedagogical Insights. Studies with Education Vol. 2. No 1. April. Pp 60-64.

Osakwe, E.O. (1994b) Instructional Strategies for teaching this Social Studies: Using Exemplars and Non-Exemplars Nigerian Journal of public Studies Vol. III, No. 1 & a couple of pp. 49-55.

In Nigeria, Social Studies identified functional phrase to the college technique following the 1969 National Curriculum Conference. The subject is definitely designed for building folks along with in so doing constructing the nation (Osakwe 1993). The potentials associated with Social Studies are yet to be totally exploited within our quest to get a attractive socio-political and economical order.

Social Studies is anxious with human relationships. The globe is continu ally undergoing variations and Social Studies continues to be a veritable tool for analyzing these changes, whether many people often be constructive or maybe negative. Social Studies orbits around humans (people) and just about all which impinges upon them.

Areas with Emphasis inside Social Studies

The awareness contained in Social Studies is related to important generalizations about human being relationships, corporations along with problems, as well as boosting facts to ensure these generalizations are sort grasped (Osakwe along with Itedjere 1993). Social Studies examines difficulties in addition to problems originating from a all natural view � consequently, with managing a issue as well as an issue, social studies has a look at your historical, cultural, sociological, economical, bodily along with relevant dimensions. Unlike that up and down attention that is apparent practically in most college subjects, public studies adopts a new horizontally spiral approach in the analysis involving this problems. Social Studies, provides powerful affinity with all the Social Sciences, but mustn't become seen because an amalgam of the cultural sciences.

Social Studies knowledge can be an avenue for providing youth that has a sensation of hope in the foreseeable future and self-belief into their capability in order to resolve the sociable in addition to environmental issues involving individuals, their community, point out or nation.

On this occasion, this lecture addresses a good part with my willpower that's with school and arrest attention � Navigating the actual Nation, Through Today�s Shame in order to Tomorrow�s Fame: Social Studies because Pilot.

Addressing the issues associated with Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow routinely offers three sectors of discourse: Nigeria Yesterday Nigeria Today along with Nigeria Tomorrow.

NIGERIA � YESTERDAY

It will be bare-bones to help correct the issues involving state developing with Nigeria currently without settling credited attention to our previous as well as the world wide past when that impacted our own recent in addition to present.

Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Sir, the particular educative method which will most of us handed down from some of our colonial masters, although criticized intended for alienating all of us out of our culture, developed disciplined individuals in addition to men and women we will aspect while pillars regarding our democracy and national development. Our helpful method involving yesteryears had been highly structured, organized along with predictable. This seemed to be that age group as soon as education appeared to be absolutely the actual liability of Government or Mission Agencies. Educational institutions ended up properly staffed, equipped and supervision had been effective. The academics date was stable using very disruption. An entr ant into the system been able to be able to anticipate while he/she will graduate. Non graduation of any customer at the appropriate moment ended up being certainly not your fault from the classes as well as bank even so the inability belonging to the scholar to be effective hard enough in order to move on since thought out because of the informative establishment. The period under debate appeared to be marked by way of pupils with primary and legitimate educational facilities placing on uniforms which were standard indeed. There ended up being not any provision with regard to pupils building his or her seats/desks or perhaps with regard to boarders, offering their very own beds. Laboratories with secondary and also tertiary bodies were being comparable using just what provided throughout rest of the world.

Sound moral education was element along with parcel with the knowledge with pre 1970 that will the later part of 80s Nigeria. Relationship between college students plus teachers, students in addition to course instructors plus individuals and also lecturers at numerous quantities with training had been with a extremely good magnitude professional. Incidents involving examination malpractice were being pretty uncommon and any person caught compromising the actual condition of examination was soon treated with. Incidents with individuals reducing degrees making use of their lecturers and also lecturers/teachers seeking �incentives� were nearly non-existent. During the period within review, academic standards in Nigeria�s earliest generation colleges was good and just like just what obtained while in the more advanced countries of Europe plus America. The period of time witnessed massive staff swap from overseas universities. Our universities acquired true foreign direction as well as reputation, together with staff and also learners forthcoming through numerous aspects of the actual world. Apart from that overseas view of some of our ed ucational institutions in addition to academics, university or college lecturers were extremely honored and were along at the apex of cultural rating. Okecha (2008) deservingly listed that the speak about from the bill �Professor� seduced much attention. The workplace of the Vice-Chancellor ended up being hugely reverred. The Vice-Chancellor had been more reputed than every government appointee.

Most Nigerians that journeyed through tertiary knowledge appreciated one model of economical assist or another in the Government. Education ended up being some sort of advisable opportunity as well as was found because major of which unlocked the doorway in order to achievements and fame.

Indolence, robbery, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social and spatial inequality ended up viewed as very disgraceful throughout Nigeria regarding yesteryears. It ended up being popular process for example, for the vendor to leave the particular Dailies on the Por ter�s Lodge when college students were trusted that will fall the money and also decide on your papers. Similarly, that continues of Rag Day were used regarding nonprofit as expected. Social vices were being frowned at as well as there is greater feeling of responsibility among the citizenry like open public business holders. Workers reported at their accountability articles with the expected time period and remained where you work till closing. School and also other institutional gates were shut at 8-10 a.m. in addition to always been thus till closing. Truancy was a great aberration and also anything severely frowned at. There seemed to be freedom of political association, despite the fact that political cleavages ended up being over the three important ethnic groups while using exemption from the Middle Belt that had your girlfriend unique political identity. It was possible pertaining to close up relatives to remain in several political gatherings however nevertheless ar e in harmony. The case in point of the Ikokus could attest to that reality � that your papa and son belonged to be able to two opposing parties.

Humans are usually generally political animals. The ability to prepare people into groups having whatever political purpose is usually your basic behavioral instinct built in within human beings. Nigerians are generally extremely articulate political beings. There may be the practice involving common as well as local community politics which in turn is actually having us. There has been a merger among conventional plus modern day societal life and also get together politics. Since way of life seriously isn't static, traditional practices furthermore modified to be able to cater to brand-new troubles and trends as well as cross-cultural contacts featuring a attendant implications. The cultural life on the men and women and their political culture, with a fantastic magnitude affects many other aspects of living. Nigeria is real ly a political amalgam. This is indicative in the personal plurality in the country. To a fantastic scope the North was considerably extra politically state and responsive. This possibly records for the exercise wherein some of our Northern siblings are generally generally utilizing their radios as well as reading regional as well as intercontinental news, therefore being constantly informed. Social lifetime plus party politics is not a functionality associated with Western education. Some southerners regardless of their level of education, usually are still politically nave and also are unable to learn or even comprehend the particular political horizon. Nigeria�s financial state within this period was very secure along with ended up being hinged with agriculture. This was your era of the groundnut pyramids. Nigeria ended up being your world�s most significant producer regarding groundnuts, rubber, hands oil along with kernels, soya beans, beniseed in addition to a major de veloper of cotton, other world maker involving cocoa. It was in this interval that Malaysia came that will Nigeria for getting our oil along with rubber seedlings, to attempt out within their country. We understand in which together nations around the world stay these days in the generation of hands petrol as well as rubber.

Solid nutrients including coal, container and columbite were being mined inside economic quantities along with Nigeria seemed to be considered to be a significant earth gambler in the manufacturing involving all these minerals. The buoyancy belonging to the economic climate was additionally raised using the discovery with the black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Gradually, importance going for you to shift from agriculture to petroleum ���.the anchor regarding Nigerian economy. The Nigerian currency had been formidable and extremely wanted in this period.

Exchange Rate Between the particular 70s along with 80s

Nigeri a British American German

N1 pd Stg US $ DM 3.64

0.615 $1.51

The numbers earlier mentioned reveals a new dramatic photograph with the strength of that Naira from this time.

Nigeria seemed to be nicely offered by means of road, rail, marine air transport. During this specific interval there was above 95,000km of tarred highways and above 3,200km of one-metre assess railway. Nigeria experienced only a pair of overseas air-ports at Lagos plus Kano. Both the actual northern and lower elements of the united states attracted essential expense around infrastructural development, especially in rail and feeder roads, as well because quite a few calculate associated with sociable services for instance electricity, waters supply, hospitals, educational institutions and also colleges. This period seemed to be noticeable simply by staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) cleaning on the grasses because of the facets with the path to mak e sure cross country plus crystal clear vision for motorists along with road users. Roads had been frequently maintained � while then, highways ended up small as well as from time to time windy, these were motorable through the year.

Nigeria Airways appeared to be your pride involving West Africa. It towered over and above various other air carriers inside sub-region. Nigerian pilots ended up well known thus to their courtesy, proficiency plus confidence. Their take-off in addition to clinching seemed to be extraordinary along with devoid of jerks and hiccups. Nigerian Airways travelled frequently to be able to Europe, Asia, U.S.A. and some African avenues without blemish. The DC 10s, Boeing 737, 707 as well as 747 were constant to the global paths while the particular smaller aircrafts dished up the local (internal) routes. Closer home here, the waterway from Sapele for you to Obiaruku by way of River Ethiope seemed to be navigable and also creating resources were be ing transported through of which channel.

Security involving lives and houses was to a incredibly great amount guaranteed on this period. It had been doable for you to traveling just about all night time not having fearfulness involving robbers. Night traveling was favorite by way of several Nigerians. Incidents regarding armed thievery had been rare and them ended up being effortless to course criminals. It has not been contemporary to interact inside criminality because there is a typical societal being rejected or loathing for virtually any person whom was considered to be some sort of criminal as well as social deviant.

NIGERIA TODAY

Today, Nigeria offers dealt her dignifying beliefs regarding diligence, patriotism, large honourable standards, the woman's ample herbal methods connected with yesteryears for inglorious habits colloquially termed as the �Nigerian factor�: the search of injustice, upturned values, endemic problem in addi tion to major misrule. Today Nigeria is fatally tired at a by design home caused injury. Most regarding what on earth is developing inside Nigeria these days volumes to help countrywide shame, our ache in addition to disgrace. This pity is actually most manifest inside our �New politics� which can be proclaimed by way of violence resulting lack of lives along with properties, significant rigging along with assassinations. The undeserving beneficiaries are quick in making endeavours during convincing as well as perplexing that public straight into boosting the result of these political exploits. Almost immediately endorsement is usually rushed in from upon country, in particular from some Christian plus Islamic clerics along with additional self-seeking market leaders who pontificate about the fallacy that will government authorities along with authority are usually picked out and ordained by way of God thinking that we should accept stuff the method they're just within purch ase in order to save some of our nascent democracy. But peacefulness without rights are unable to remain test of energy and it is an call to get anarchy.

Unlike just what exactly acquires around Western democracies and also other firm polities exactly where election outcome tend to be expressed less than round the clock at the close connected with polls, around Nigeria, it could take three days. In some preposterous conditions including regional govt elections that will are usually actually smaller physical entities in order to manage, it nevertheless calls for a short time just before outcome are technically released. This common move leaves bedroom for treatment and also panel-beating regarding figures. In revenge of all these, absurd stats are released while results. In some instances, there are a lot more ballots in comparison with the number of listed voters. Multiple voting is not uncommon. The tribunal judgment within Edo State shown of which fictitious voters voted plus some other folks voted many times including supposed voters coming from along the Atlantic.